Four Active and Passive Optical Devices

Active Optical Devices

Definition: Optoelectronic devices that require external power to operate

- Semiconductor Light Sources (LD, LED, DFB, QW, SQW, VCSEL)

- Semiconductor Photodetectors (PD, PIN, APD)

- Fiber Lasers (OFL: Single-wavelength, Multi-wavelength)

- Optical Amplifiers (SOA, EDFA)

- Optical Wavelength Converters (XGM, XPM, FWM)

- Optical Modulators (EA)

- Optical Switches/Routers

Passive Optical Devices

Definition: Optoelectronic devices that do not require an external power source to operate.

- Fiber optic connectors (fixed, movable, FC/PC, FC/APC)

- Fiber optic directional couplers/splitters

- Optical add-drop multiplexers (OADM)

- Optical wavelength division multiplexers/dense wavelength division multiplexers (WDM/DWDM)

- Optical attenuators (fixed, continuous)

- Optical filters (bandpass, bandstop)

- Fiber optic isolators and circulators (polarization-dependent, polarization-independent)
- Optical polarization state controllers, fiber optic delay lines, fiber optic gratings

Analogy Between Optical Components and Electrical Components

Electrical Components	Optical Components	Electrical Components	Optical Components
Electrical Wire	Optical Fiber	Modulator	Optical Modulator
Resistor	Optical Attenuator	Three-way (Multi-way) Connector	Optical Coupler
Diode	Optical Isolator	Mixer	Optical Wavelength Division Multiplexer
Amplifier	Optical Amplifier	Frequency Converter	Optical Wavelength Converter
Filter	Optical Filter	Power Supply	Light Source
Electrical Connector	Optical Connector	Probe	Optical Detector
Switch	Optical Switch	Integrated Circuit	Integrated Optical Circuit

Classification of Optical Devices

● Photoelectric Conversion Devices

● Optical Switches and Modulation Devices

● Optical Amplification Devices

● Optical Dispersion Compensation Devices

● Optical Network Devices

Optoelectronic Conversion Devices

● F-P Cavity Laser Diodes (LDs)

● Distributed Feedback Bragg Lasers (DFBs)

● Distributed Bragg Reflection Lasers (DBRs)

● External Cavity Lasers and Q-Switched Lasers

● Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)

● Fiber Lasers (OFLs)

● Vertical-Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (ECSELs)

● Multi-Wavelength Light Sources and Wavelength-Tunable Lasers

● Photodetectors (PDs, PINs, APDs)

Optical Modulation Devices

● Amplitude Modulation

-Mechanical Modulation

-Electro-optic Modulation

-Direct Modulation

-Electro-absorption Optical Modulation (EA)

● Phase Modulation

● Polarization Modulation

● OEIC (Optical Electronic Integrated Circuit)

● PIC (Photonic Integrated Circuit)

Optical dispersion compensation devices

●Dispersion control
- Dispersion-shifted single-mode fiber
- Non-zero dispersion-shifted single-mode fiber
- Large effective cross-section single-mode fiber
- Dispersion-flattened single-mode fiber
●Dispersion compensation
- Dispersion compensation fiber modules
- SOA dispersion compensation
- Fiber Bragg grating dispersion compensation

●Dispersion management

Optical Network Devices

● Optical Couplers (Self-Focusing Lenses, Glass Ball Lenses)
● Optical Connectors and Couplers
● Optical Isolators and Circulators
● Optical Filters and Wavelength Division Multiplexing Devices
● Optical Polarizers and Polarization Controllers
● Optical Wavelength Conversion and Wavelength Routing Devices
● Optical Modems
● Optical Attenuators and Delay Devices
● Optical Switches and Cross-Connect Devices
● Micro-Optomechanical Chips